Wednesday, September 28, 2011

邮件常用语句

1. I am writing to confirm /enquire/inform you...我写信时要确认/询问/通知你。。。
2. I am writing to follow up on our earlier decision on the marketing campaign in Q2.
我写信来追踪我们之前对于第二季度营销活动的决定。
3. With reference to our telephone conversation today...关于我们今天在电话中的谈话。。。
4. In my previous e-mail on October 5...先前在10月5日所写的信。。。
5. As I mentioned earlier about...如我先前所提及关于。。。
6. as indicated in my previous e-mail...如我在先前的信中所提出。。。
7. As we discussed on the phone...如我们上次在电话中的讨论。。。
8. from our decision at the previous meeting...如我们在上次会议中的决定。。。
9. as you requested/per your requirement...按照你的要求。。。
10.In reply to your e-mail dated April 1,we decided...回答你在4月1日写的信,我们决定。。。
11.This is in response to your e-mail today.这是针对你今天早上来信的回复。
12. As mentioned before, we deem this product has strong unique selling points in china.
如先前所述,我们认为这个产品在中国有强有力且独一无二的销售点。
13. As a follow-up to our phone conversation yesterday, I wanted to get back to you about the pending issues of our agreement.追踪我们昨天在电话中所谈,我想答复你我们合约的一些待解决的议题。
14. I received your voice message regarding the subject. I’m wondering if you can elaborate i.e. provide more details.我收到你关于这个主题的留言。我想你是否可以再详尽说明,也就是再提供多一点细节。
15. Please be advised/informed that...请被告知。。。
16. Please note that...请注意。。。
17. We would like to inform you that...我们想要通知你。。。
18. I am convinced that...我确信。。。
19. We agree with you on...我们同意你在。。。
20. With effect from 4 Oct., 2008...从2008年10月4日开始生效。。。
21. We will have a meeting scheduled as noted below...我们将举行一个会议,时间表如下。
22. Be assured that individual statistics are not disclosed and this is for internal use only.请确保个人信息不会外泄且只供内部使用。
23. I am delighted to tell you that...我很高兴地告诉你。。。
24. We are pleased to learn that...我们很高兴得知。。。
25. We wish to notify you that...我们希望通知你。。。
26. Congratulation on your...恭喜您关于。。。
27. I am fine with the proposal.我对这份提桉没意见。
28.I am pleased to inform you that you have been accepted to join the workshop scheduled for 22-24 Nov,2008.我很高兴地告诉你,你已经被同意参加2008年11月22-24日的研讨会。
29. We are sorry to inform you that...我们很抱歉地通知你。。。
30. I’m afraid I have some bad news.我恐怕要带来一些坏消息。
31. There are a number of issues with our new system.我们的新系统有些问题。
32. Due to circumstances beyond our control...由于情况超出我们所能控制。。。
33. I don’t feel too optimistic about...我觉得不太乐观关于。。。
34. It would be difficult for us to accept...我们很难接受。。。
35. Unfortunately I have to say that, since receiving your enquiries on the subject, our view has not changed.很不幸地,我必须这么说,自从收到你关于这个主题的询问,我们的看法都没有改变。
36. We would be grateful if you could...我们会很感激如果你可以。。。
37. I could appreciate it if you could...我会很感激如果你可以。。。
38. Would you please send us…?可否请你寄给我们…?
39. We need your help.我们需要你的帮助。
40. We seek your assistance to cascade/reply this message to your staff.
我们请求你的帮助,将此信息传达给你们的员工。
41. We look forward to your clarification.我们期待你的澄清。
42.Your prompt attention to this matter will be appreciated.您能立即注意此事,我们将非常感激。
43. I would really appreciate meeting up if you can spare the time. Please let me know what suits you best.如果您能抽出时间,我希望能与你见面,请让我知道您最适合的时间。
44.Please give us your preliminary thoughts about this.请让我知道你对于这件事情初步的想法。
45. Would you please reply to this e-mail if you plan to attend?请您回信如果您计划参加?
46.Please advise if you agree with this approach.请告知是否你同意这个方法。
47. Could you please let me know the status of this project?请让我知道这个计划的进度?
48. If possible, I hope to receive a copy of your proposal when it is finished.
如果可能,当你完成提桉,我希望能收到一份复本。
49. I would appreciate it very much if you would send me your reply by next Monday.
如果能在下周一前收到您的答复,我将非常感激。
50. Hope this is OK with you. If not, let me know by e-mail ASAP.
希望您对此没有问题,如果不行,请利用电子邮件尽快让我知道。
51. Could you please send me your replies to the above questions by the end of June?
请您在6月份前答复我上述问题好吗?
52. May I have your reply by April 1, if possible?
如果可能,我可否在4月1日前收到您的答复?
53. If you wish, we would be happy to...如果你希望,我们很乐意。。。

54. Please let me know if there’s anything I can do to help.
请让我知道任何我可以帮得上忙的地方。
55.If there’s anything else I can do for you on/regarding this matter, please feel free to contact me at any time.对于这件事,如果还有任何我能帮得上忙的地方,请不要客气,随时与我联络。
56.If you want additional recommendations on this, please let us know and we can try to see if this is possible.如果关于此事你需要额外的建议,请让我们知道,我们会尝试看看是否可能。
57. I’m just writing to remind you of...我只是写信来提醒您。。。
58. May we remind you that...?我们想要提醒您。。。
59. I am enclosing...我附上。。。
60. Please find enclosed...请查阅附件。。。
61. Attached hereto...附件是关于。。。
62. Attached please find the most up-to-date information on/regarding/concerning…
附上关于某某的最新资料…
63. Attached please find the draft product plan for your review and comment.
附上产品计划书的草稿,请审查及评价。
64. If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact me.
如果你有任何问题,请不要客气与我联络。
65. I hope my clarification has been helpful.希望我的说明是有帮助的。
66. Please feel free to call me at any time, I will continually provide full support.
请随时跟我联络,我会持续地提供全程支援。

67. Please let me know if this is suitable.请让我知道这是否恰当。
68. Looking forward to seeing you soon.期待很快能见到你。
69. We look forward to hearing from you soon.

我们期待很快能得到您的回复。
70. Hope this is clear and we are happy to discuss this further if necessary.
希望上述说明很清楚,如有必要,我们很乐意再进一步讨论。
71. I look forward to receiving your reply soon.我期待很快能收到你的回复。
72. Looking forward to receiving your comments in due course.
期待在预期的时间收到你的反馈。
73. I’ll keep you posted.我会与你保持联络。
74. Please keep me informed on the matter.请随时让我知道这件事的发展。
75. For any comments/suggestions, please contact Nadia at 2552-7482.
任何评价或建议,请打电话2552-7482联络Nadia。
76. I would like to apologize for...我想就。。。道歉。。。
77. I apologize for the delay in...对于。。。的耽搁,我深感抱歉。
78. We are sorry for any inconvenience caused.对于产生任何不便,我们感到抱歉。
79. I am sorry for any inconvenience this has caused you.
对于造成你的任何不便,我感到抱歉。
80. I’m sorry about last time.关于上次的事我很抱歉。
81.We apologize for not replying you earlier.对于未能早一点回信给你,我们感到抱歉。
82. I’m really sorry about this.关于这件事,我真的很抱歉。
83. Sorry, I’m late in replying to your e-mail dated Monday, April 1.
抱歉,太迟回您在4月1日(星期一)发给我的邮件。
84. We apologize for the delay and hope that it doesn’t inconvenience you too much.
我们为耽搁道歉,希望不会给您带来太多的不便。
85.Hoping that this will not cause you too much trouble.希望不会为您带来太多的麻烦。
86.Sorry if my voice message is not clear enough.如果我的电话留言不够清楚,我深感抱歉.
87. Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。
88. I appreciate very much that you...我非常感激你。。。
89. I truly appreciate it.我真的很感激。
90. Thank you for your participation.谢谢你的参加。
91. Thank you so much for inviting me.非常感谢你要请我。
92.Congratulations to all of you and thanks for your efforts.恭喜各位并谢谢各位的努力。
93. Your understanding and cooperation is greatly/highly appreciated.
很感激你的理解及合作。
94. Your prompt response will be most appreciated.很感激你快速的答复。
95. Once again, thank you all for your commitment and support.
再一次感谢你的承诺及支持。
96. Thanks for your input/clarification/message.谢谢你的投入/澄清/信息。
97. Any comments will be much appreciated.对于您的任何建议,我将非常感激。
98. Thank you very much for everything you’ve done for me.谢谢你为我做的一切。
99. I would appreciate your kindest understanding with/regarding this matter.
我很感激你对这件事情的理解。
100. Please convey my thanks to all the staff involved, they certainly did an excellent job.请表达我的谢意给那些有关的同仁,他们真的干得很好

Monday, September 19, 2011

读《脱亚论》有感

福泽谕吉的《脱亚论》在中国广为人知,在中国对《脱亚论》的主流看法是持批判态度的,认为福泽谕吉的主张是“对亚洲邻国持轻蔑态度,主张模仿欧美列强侵略亚洲邻国。”但是一般人多半是看到《脱亚论》的只言片语,看过《脱亚论》全文的人似乎并不多。因此在这里我特意把《脱亚论》的全文翻译出来,供有兴趣的人参考。

在翻译《脱亚论》的过程中,不得不查阅不少资料,因此这也成为一个很好的学习过程。我读完《脱亚论》全文的第一个感觉是:中国人在很大程度上,误解了福泽谕吉。首先,所谓福泽谕吉“对亚洲邻国持轻蔑态度”,这个看法本身就很有问题。为什么这么说?我们首先看一看福泽谕吉写《脱亚论》的背景。

福泽谕吉的这篇《脱亚论》写于1885年,当时这篇文章并无题目,是作为《时事新报》(现在日本《产经新闻》的前身)的社论发表的,《脱亚论》这个题目是后人出版福泽谕吉的著作时加上去的。福泽谕吉为什么想起来写这篇文章呢?原来那时在日本舆论界展开了一场思想争论:日本应该怎样与中国和朝鲜这两个邻国打交道?

历史上日本与中国的关系,很长一段时间都是册封与朝贡关系,也可以说是另外一种不平等关系。1853年,美国炮舰侵入长崎,迫使日本签订丧权辱国的《日美和亲条约》。此后英、俄、法等国接踵而来,强迫日本签订类似条约,其遭遇与中国非常类似。日本被迫“开国”后,有识之士提出学习西洋的强国之术,自强保国,1868年的明治维新就是在这种背景下发起的。

由于当时中国和日本、朝鲜同样被西洋列强侵略,都面临亡国灭族的危险,因此中日韩三国在“抵抗”西洋侵略方面有共同的利益。在这个背景下,日本有人提出“兴亚论”(后来又被称为“大亚细亚主义”),代表人物有日本当时著名的政治家和思想家,比如胜海舟、植木枝盛、大井宪太郎、樽井藤吉等。“兴亚论”认为日本与亚洲是唇亡齿寒的关系,日本的邻国一旦亡国,日本也会遭殃。所以他们提出唤醒亚洲(主要指中国和朝鲜),日本与中国和朝鲜结成同盟国,日中韩相互提携,共同抵抗西洋列强,这是日本的最善国策。

中国也同样产生过类似的亚洲联合起来抵抗西洋侵略的思想,比如梁启超的“ 亚粹主义”,章太炎的“亚洲和亲主义”,孙中山的“大亚洲主义”,李大钊的“新亚细亚主义”等。这个“兴亚论”后来又变成亚洲在日本领导下,共同抗击西洋列强的理论,比如“大东亚共荣圈”、“东亚新秩序”等。不过1880年代的“兴亚论”,还是主张日本以平等的关系与中国和朝鲜结盟抗击西洋,因为那时日本的国力还很弱,比起当时的大清国还有相当的差距。

对于这种“兴亚论”,福泽谕吉提出相反的思想理论,即“脱亚论”。针对“兴亚论”唤醒亚洲、共同对抗西洋侵略的设想,福泽反论说:中国和朝鲜死守陈规旧套,不思改进,不愿革新,所以日本不应该对中国和朝鲜的醒觉抱有希望(当然他也指出如果中国和朝鲜国内出现有识之士,进行大刀阔斧的改革维新,将另当别论)。福泽指出:陈腐守旧的中国和朝鲜,不但对日本毫无帮助,反而因为他们落后腐败的“坏名声”,会让西洋人误认为日本也是同样的落后腐败。因此他主张日本不要再犹豫,应该拒绝与中国和朝鲜这两个不文明国家(“坏朋友”)继续交往,而与欧洲的文明国家交往。

福泽指出中国和朝鲜这两个国家没有前途希望的关键是:中国和朝鲜对西洋文明采取被动的抗拒态度,中国和朝鲜想把自己置身于西洋文明之外,保持自己的独特文明。而维新后的日本对西洋文明采取主动接纳的态度,把自己也投身于西洋文明之中,与他们同呼吸共命运。福泽认为中国和朝鲜对西洋文明的抗拒不可能成功,因为西洋文明有像“麻疹”那样的传染性,对西洋文明抗拒的结果就是亡国,国土被西洋列强瓜分。后来的历史证明了福泽谕吉对中国和朝鲜的预见。要不是后来西洋列强改变了殖民主义思想,中国被列强瓜分几乎是肯定的。

读了福泽谕吉的《脱亚论》,我不由产生一种想法:中国在近代遭受的各种苦难凌辱,某种程度上是中国人自己“选择”的。一直到20世纪80年代,中国才开始意识到“对外开放”的重要性,才开始主动加入和参与西方文明圈,按照现在中国时髦的话叫做“与世界接轨”。中国的对外开放才搞了20多年,中国经济就取得了如此惊人的发展。现在中国人才自己体会到当年日本那样高速发展的秘诀,不过就是“对外开放”四个字。

其实日本人并没有隐瞒自己富国强兵的秘诀,早在120年前日本的思想家福泽谕吉就指出中国落后的结症就是拒绝西方文明,拒绝对外开放。可惜中国人直到100年后,才明白与西洋文明同呼吸共命运、共同品嚐文明之苦乐的重要性。假如中国在 100多年前就开始搞对外开放,及早与世界接轨,那么近代中国肯定会是另外一个样子,中国近代史就不会是充满屈辱和创伤的悲惨历史。所以我说:中国在近代遭受的各种苦难凌辱,某种程度上是中国人自己“选择”的。

如果评论一下日本当时的“兴亚论”和“脱亚论”哪个更正确,从日本的角度来看,还是“脱亚论”更正确一些,事实上日本政府也是选用了脱亚入欧的发展方针。设想假如当年日本政府选用“兴亚论”,等待中国、朝鲜的觉醒和自强,和中国、朝鲜站在一个战壕里,日本会有今天的发展吗?福泽谕吉的“脱亚论”,的确是极具远见的。

难怪现在福泽谕吉的头像印在日本最大面额的钞票上,而他的反对派却鲜为人知。对于日本人来说,日本有今天的发展,他是最值得感谢的人之一。

(之二)

中国近代史概括为两个字就是“反抗”。“抗英”、“抗日”、“抗美”;“反帝”、“反修”、现在还有“反日”,总而言之,中国近代史就是一部与外国抗争的历史,中国人近代以来一直怀着一种“仇外”心态。

说到“仇外”,当然有道理,中国被洋人侵略,被迫签订不平等条约等等,都是中国“仇外”的理由。但同样是遭受侵略、被迫签订不平等条约的日本,为什么却没有同样地“仇外”,相反,日本却还要和侵略压迫自己的西欧列强“交朋友”。在这里,福泽谕吉的《脱亚论》很好地说明了日本对于西洋人的看法。

正如福泽谕吉所说:“如果试图阻止文明的入侵,日本国的独立也不能保证,因为世界文明的喧闹,不允许一个东洋孤岛在此独睡。”他早在100多年前就看到西洋文明是一股不可阻挡的历史潮流,试图阻挡或者躲避这股潮流是愚蠢的,而自己也积极搭乘这股潮流才是明智之策。

中国对于西洋文明的潮流,一直采取对抗的姿态,从“以夷制夷”,“中体西用”,到“中国特色的社会主义”,都是试图把外国人赶走,或者把外国人拒之门外,总之就是“排外”两个字。鸦片战争以后,中国人尽管一直在学习西方,但中国学西方的目的,是“师夷技长以制夷”,用西方文明的枪炮来把西方人抗拒在国门之外,中国自己并不想加入西方文明圈。这和日本学习西方是为了“入欧”,加入西方文明圈的想法,从根本上就不同。

中国欢迎外国人来中国,欢迎外国人来投资办厂,那是最近20年的事,中国一直到现在才改变了“排外”的心态。以前中国总对外国人不信任,总觉得外国人来中国一定是“不怀好意”、“ 不安好心”,所以千方百计要把外国人赶走,以为赶走了外国人,中国人就“站起来”了,中国人就无比幸福了。1949年以后中共赶走了除了苏联以外的所有西方人,到1960年以后又把苏联人也赶走了。在文革时期,中国几乎是一个洋鬼子都没有了,现实了老佛爷、义和团等多年的奋斗目标,彻底赶走了所有的外国人。

可是中国却惊讶地发现,赶走外国人,把自己隔绝于西洋文明之外,并没有给中国人带来幸福,反而给中国带来了灾难。所以在文革之后,中国人痛定思痛,不再排外了,这次中国不但不赶外国人,反而来了个180度大转弯,开始请外国人到中国来了,真可谓“既知今日,何必当初”呢?福泽谕吉早在 100多年前就批评中国:“在遭遇如同麻疹那样流行的文明开化时,支、韩两国违背传染的天然规律,为了躲避传染,硬是把自己关闭在一个房间里,闭塞空气的流通。”中国人直到100年后的今天,用自己的亲身体验体会到“硬是把自己关闭在一个房间里,闭塞空气的流通”的痛苦之后,才明白“抗拒西洋文明是愚蠢的 ”这个道理。

上次我说了,如果中国早在100年前,认真读一读福泽谕吉的文章,早在100年前对外开放,早在100年前主动请外国人来中国,中国会是今天这样的命运吗?现在常听到中国人说“改革开放”的政策好,可是100年前提出“对外开放”的人,一定要被批为汉奸了。现在中国的奋斗目标是:2050年达到中等发达国家水平。如果中国提早100年搞改革开放,现在中国肯定会达到中等发达国家水平以上吧。

当然中国人的“仇外”心里还没有完全脱却,现在有人说“外国好”,大致还是要被骂为“汉奸”的。

(之三)

现在中国有一种流行的观点,认为日本明治维新后积极向西方学习,而当时的满清政府顽固守旧,不肯向西方学习,这是近代中国落后的结症。如果认真谈起来,这个观点只说对了一半。当年满清政府向西方学习还是抱着相当积极的态度,洋务运动就是明显的例子。

当初中国人认为中国败给西方列强,只是因为兵器不够精良,中国的国家体制并没有问题,这就是“军事救国论”,也称洋务运动。李鸿章说:“中国文武制度,事事远出于西人之上,独火器万不能及。……中国欲自强,则莫如学习外国利器,欲学习外国利器,则莫如觅制器之器,师其法,而不必尽用其人。”(李鸿章总理衙门函,同治三年)。

洋务运动是在“军事救国论”的基础上,试图学习西洋的军事技术实现自强的尝试。中国搞洋务运动开始比日本早,规模比日本大。1863年,李鸿章在上海购建了三所洋炮局;1865年,李鸿章购买了两家英美的机器厂,成立江南机器厂。清廷指定用上海关税的二成(约白银60多万两)作为其常年经费。这个厂以生产枪炮、子弹为主,兼修船舰,并附有翻译馆。1866年左宗棠在福州马尾创建福州船政局和马尾船厂,由福建海关税收的四成结款内拨付。1869年1月10日,马尾船厂制造的第一艘轮船下水。北洋、南洋、广东、福建水师的88艘军舰中,有30艘出自马尾船厂。马尾船厂造的排水量1560吨“扬武”号战舰,还参加了后来的甲午海战。

考虑到日本1868年才开始搞明治维新,中国洋务派学习西洋军事技术的自强运动是先于日本的。当时中国办现代化海军也是竭尽全力,在19世纪80年代,日本海军有军舰数量24艘,其中3000吨级战舰3艘,2000吨级战舰3艘,总吨位3万多吨。相比之下,当时中国北洋海军有军舰数量18艘,7000吨级2艘,2000吨级5艘,总吨位3万多吨。从军舰的质量水平来看,中国超过日本一筹。特别是2艘7000吨级定远舰、镇远舰居当时亚洲第一。

中国在甲午战争的失败,宣告军事强国的洋务运动彻底失败,人们认为日本打败中国就是因为采用了西洋式的国家体制,于是“体制救国论”,即改革国家体制来实现富国强兵的论调高涨,终于发生了戊戌变法。尽管戊戌变法失败了,但清廷 1901年以后实行的“新政”,基本上采用了戊戌变法的思路,对国家体制进行了重大改革,但是中国还是没有像日本那样实现富国强兵,为什么呢?

应该说在中日甲午战争前的30年间,中国和日本都在积极向西方学习,都积极引进西方的先进技术。但是两国学习西方的动机却完全不同。

日本学习西方是放弃以前日本的旧文明,全面引进西方的新文明,也就是所谓的全盘西化。中国学习西方的目的,却是为了保存中国的中华文明,中国富国强兵的目的,是要把中国建成一个抵抗西洋文明的堡垒。中国一方面要引进和学习西洋文明,一方面又要坚持中国以前的旧的中华文明,这件事本身就是矛盾的。就像郑观应在《盛世危言》(1893年)所说:“西人立国,育才于学堂,论证于议院,君民一体,上下同心,务实戒虚,谋定而后动,此其体也。轮船,火炮,洋枪,水雷,铁路,电线,此其用也。中国遗其体而求其用,无论竭蹶,常不相及;就令铁舰成行,铁路四达,果以足恃欤?”

读福泽谕吉《脱亚论》,让我感到震动的就是当时日本对西洋文明的接纳,而不是抵制。福泽谕吉《脱亚论》的中心思想也是让大家接纳西洋的先进文明。可是直到今天,中国对西洋文明还是抱着抵制的态度。中国今天的自强思路,也还是没有摆脱“中体西用”的思路,坚持在中华文明的基础上,学习西洋文明。

日本学习西洋文明,这本身就是它的目的;而中国学习西洋文明,却是一种权宜之策,或者是一个手段,其目的仍然是保持和坚持中华文明。但文化和政治制度是配套的,西洋国家的政治制度是建立在西洋文化或西洋文明的土壤中,把西洋政治制度从西洋文化中割裂开来,只学西洋的政治制度,不要西洋文明的文化土壤,即所谓“中体西用”,用中华思想来运作西洋的政治体制,必然很难搞好。

中国一直到现在也没有实现“现代化”,我以为其中最大的障碍之一,就是我们一直用中华思想来运作西方文明的东西。

Wednesday, September 14, 2011

Enable Visual Studio 2010 in Matlab 2008a

If you want to speed up your matlab code, MEX may be the first thing you should try. However, Matlab 2008a was released before Visual Studio 2010, so VS 2010 is not directly supported. You could try the following patch:

http://www.mathworks.com/support/solutions/en/data/1-D5W493/?solution=1-D5W493

And then run “mex –setup”. Everything should work.

Sunday, September 11, 2011

911乱写


8×8风波结束之后,邓小平有一段广为流传的讲话:
“也许这样一件坏事,会使我的事业前进的...我们前进的步子更稳,更好,甚至于更快,是我们的失误纠正的更快,使我们的长处发扬的更快,更好...”
那场风波对我们有多大影响,我不好说,可能你甚至不知道有那场风波!所以我觉得小平这句话是失策了,反正是没全部应验吧!不过在大洋彼岸,另一场风波——911事件——却在持续的影响这那里的人。
今天是911的十周年纪念日,美国官方与民间都组织了盛大的纪念活动!昨天跟几个美国人聊周末的计划,他们异口同声地说要去NYC参加祷告,他们反过来问我周末干什么!我没心没肺的说“中秋火锅party”...我当时说完就后悔了,心想要是为这被这几个人打一顿,你都没地方说理!不过还好,他们没打我,只是非常遗憾的说我们也想去,但还是祷告比较重要...
晚上在家我就想,要是国内汶川纪念日的时候,一群美日韩在学校大贴广告,号召一起吃烧烤,看球赛,不知会发生什么情况?我猜要是刚开学,一场血雨腥风的文攻武卫是少不了的,要是学期末,估计只会有几个大哥扔矿泉水瓶并喊“吵什么吵,没看见复习嘛!”
从西安的反日游行,抵制家乐福,声讨王千源,声讨扔鞋男......为什么搞这些跟狂欢没什么区别的事时,大家都这么亢奋;而面对三鹿喝死的孩子,豆腐渣校舍下的孩子,黑煤窑里的童工时,我们大多选择缄默和无视,有多少人会放弃自己的休息时间,娱乐事件,去真的做一些实实在在能影响周围人,哪怕是最平凡的人,的事情,做一些支持并缅怀他们的事!当然,我倒不觉得游行什么的不对,但打砸就不对了吧,即使你觉得必须打砸,那也不能区别对待吧,碰上警用丰田就绕道走,专砸那些20万以下,没权没势小市民的丰田,你这样很酷么,其实超级SB,而且是道德卑劣的超级SB!
最后,希望那些超级SB看看圣雄甘地和最近那个绝食反腐的阿三,再了解一下上个世纪的光复会!这些人选择的手段不同,但都把舍身放在前面,然后取义!我是没见过坐在人人上刷留言,砸商店,压马路的人能取义!

Friday, September 9, 2011

Nvidia Optimus为什么在Linux上是个大问题?

This article is a direct translation from relative pages from “nouveau” wiki. So, thanks to the author first:)
  • Nvidia Optimus
如果你的笔记本电脑有Optimus,说明你的电脑有一块Nividia的显卡和另一块其他品牌的显卡(只可能是Intel的?)。除了Nvidia GPU的PCOPY引擎是新技术外【1】,Optimus可以说就是双显卡笔记本电脑的另一个商业名词。
  • 为什么Optimus是个大问题
简单的说,一塌糊涂。
一个显卡需要有一个GPU,一些内存,这些内存可能是显卡专有的(例如独立显存),也可以直接是一块系统内存(大部分集成显卡就是这么做的),还需要一个输出(比如插口)来连接你的显示器。对于笔记本电脑来说,自带的屏幕也可以认为是一种显示器。
为什么Optimus会变成Linux的噩梦呢?因为你无法知道输出连着哪个GPU。换句话说,如果在不同的硬件(GPU)之间有个多路复用模块的话,这个多路复用模块是由软件控制的!
这个多路复用模块,如果存在的话,用来控制哪个GPU来驱动显示器,或自带的屏幕。如果一个GPU已经连接了显示器,那么这个多路复用模块还应该告诉另一个显卡该屏幕不可用。当我们外接显示器的时候,情况是类似的。当显示器与一个GPU相连,其他的GPU就不能再链接这个显示器了。一种恶心的情况是Intel GPU与自带的屏幕相连,Nvidia GPU与外接显示器相连。当然这种情况就不好处理了。最理想的情况是这个多路复用模块能选择哪个GPU来驱动所有的输出设备。
一般来说,你可以选择任何一种可能的组合(如上文提到的),因为怎么连接屏幕应该是自由的!我们应该有办法来检测链接的情况,当然更应该知道这个多路复用模块是否真的存在和这个模块在哪!但现实是这些相关的文档并没有开放,开发者无从知晓!
目前来说,检测链接情况是唯一的难点!当你用GPU执行渲染的时候麻烦就来了,我们无法将渲染的结果正常输出。或者说GPU根本无法输出。因为要想让一个渲染的图像正常显示,我们需要将这个结果复制到一块驱动显示设备的GPU能找到的地方(内存)。
这么说来我们只少了帧缓存复制这步么?当然不是,我们还缺少整个内核DRM驱动,X驱动和X服务器来支持Optimus。除了一些特例外,这专有的驱动在Linux上还不能支持!
另一方面,省电是Optimus的主要目的,转换GPU是相对容易的。如果多路复用模块存在,而且硬件制造商也清楚,你可能已经能选择在一次会话中专用哪个GPU了,或干脆把不用的那个不用的GPU关了。除了这外,其他所有情况都是很复杂的!
  • 现在什么能正常工作?
如果你笔记本电脑的多路复用模块是硬件实现的,内核switcheroo驱动在启动的时候能自动尝试转换可行的GPU驱动。这种转换还能做些改动,比如ASUS-Switcheroo,但他并没有提供什么额外的功能。如果某个变体碰巧能行,但原本的switcheroo不行,这说明原本的转换还有些问题。针对主流内核的补丁可能已经在开发了。
针对另一些情况,你只能停留在当前默认的配置,当然还是不能转换显卡,不能复制帧缓存。

【1】PCOPY引擎:
我们看下面这段话。
"We needed hardware support to quickly move the graphics data around in the system, so we created a fast copy engine. The Optimus Copy Engine is a new alternative to traditional DMA (Direct Memory Access) transfers between the GPU frame buffer memory and system memory used by the IGP. With Optimus we also removed multiplexers, called MUXs, so we use the integrated graphics as a display adapter or pass through."
“我们需要硬件支持系统内的图形信息快速拷贝,所以我们制造了一种快速的复制引擎。Optimis Copy Engine可以替代传统的DMA(内存直接访问单元)来执行GPU帧缓存与集成显卡使用的系统内存间的复制操作。在Optimus下,我们还移除了多路复用模块,所以我们用集成显卡来做显示器的接口或通路。”
--Sasha Ostojic
Sasha Ostojic是Nvidia的笔记本电脑软件高级总监,上面这段话出Nvidia的博客。

Thursday, September 8, 2011

英语学术论文常用句型

英语学术论文常用句型
    Beginning
    1. In this paper, we focus on the need for
    2. This paper proceeds as follow.
    3. The structure of the paper is as follows.
    4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts
    5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the

    Introduction
    1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.
    2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.
    3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.

    Review
    1. This review is followed by an introduction.
    2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.
    3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given.
    4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...
    5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.
    6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.

    Body
    1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.
    2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.
    3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx
    4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.
    5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window
    6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...
    7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.
    8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.
    9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.
    10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.
    11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules
    12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.
    13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.
    14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.
    15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.
    16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.
    17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.
    18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.
    19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..
    20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.
    21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.
    22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.
    23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system
    24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.
    25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.
    26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.
    27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...
This Section
    1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.
    2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section
    2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.
    3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.
    4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.
    5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.
    6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx

    Summary
    1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.
    2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.
    3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.
    4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.
    5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized
    6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.
    7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.

    Chapter 0. Abstract
    1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.
    2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.
    3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.
    4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.
    5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.
    6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.
    7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.
    8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.
    9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.
    10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.
    11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.
    12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.
    13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.
    14. This paper analyses problems in
    15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...
    16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...
    17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching
    18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.
    19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx
    20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.
    21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx
    22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.
    23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure

    Chapter 1. Introduction
    Time
    1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive
    2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world
    3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the
    4. The development of ... is explored
    5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions
    6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years
    7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...
    8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...
    9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.
    10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx
    11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.
    12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].
    13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.

    Objective / Goal / Purpose
    1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:
    2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx.
    3. The paper concerns the development of a xx
    4. The scope of this research lies in
    5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making.
    6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...
    7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:
    8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of
    9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide
    10. The main objective of such a ... system is to
    11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.
    12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:
    13. In order to take advantage of their similarity
    14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completed
    15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...
    16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues
    17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.
    18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.
    19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods
    20. This illustration points out the need to specify
    21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.
    22. Chapter 2. Literature Review
    23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx
    24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decade
    25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.
    26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning
    27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.
    28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in
    methodological aspects as in concrete applications.
    29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.
    30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.
    31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of
    32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.
    33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.
    34. The central issue in all these studies is to
    35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.
    36. Applied ... techniques to
    37. Characterized the ... system as
    38. Developed an algorithm to
    39. Developed a system called ... which
    40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce
    41. Emphasized the need to
    42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology
    43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken
    44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed
    45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/
    Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights
    46. Point out that the problem of
    47. A study on ...was done / developed by []
    48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with
    49. The approach taken by [] is
    50. The system developed by [] consists
    51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []
    52. []'s model requires consideration of...
    53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development
    54. []'s model focuses on...
    55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to
    56. The published information that is relevant to this research...
    57. This study further shows that
    58. Their work is based on the principle of
    59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].
    60. Studies have been completed to established
    61. The ...studies indicated that
    62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.
    Problem / Issue / Question
    63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.
    64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems
    67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved
    68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed
    69. An unanswered question
    70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.
    71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....
    72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed
    73. The three prime issues can be summarized:
    74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...
    75. There have been many attempts to
    76. It is expected to be serious barrier to
    77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex

Monday, September 5, 2011

Viola Jokes


闪电和中提琴手的手指为何相同:从来不在同个地方按两次
怎样防止你的小提琴被盗 放在中提琴盒里
小提琴和中提琴的区别 中提琴烧得久一些 中提琴啤酒能装得多一些 你能给小提琴调音
我们都知道中提琴优于小提琴因为它烧得更久,不过为什么会烧得久呐 因为它通常都在盒子里
如何让一个中提琴声部演奏spiccato(跳弓) 在音符上都标solo
怎样让一个中提琴手演奏一段pianissimo tremolando(非常弱的颤音) 在音符上标solo
中提琴和棺材有什么区别 棺材里有死人
你会拿一个死掉的中提琴手怎么办 拖到声部后面一个位子上
中提琴和蹦床的区别 玩蹦床的时候要脱了鞋在上面跳
中提琴和洋葱的区别 剁碎(抨击)
中提琴的时候不会有人哭<——貌似双关吧
小二度的定义 两个中提琴一起演奏 ……【太恶毒了这个】
绝对音高的定义 不碰桶边的情况下成功将中提琴扔进垃圾桶
为什么中提琴会在别人屋外站很久 他们找不到钥匙,并且不知道什么时候该进
中提琴和缝纫女工的区别 缝纫女工会折褶边 ……【这个不太懂】
洗衣机和中提琴的区别 颤音
为什么很多人不假思索厌恶中提琴 省事儿
怎样辨别中提琴拉跑调了 弓子在动
卡农是怎样写出來的 两个中提琴试图齐奏一个段落
为什么拉中提琴会像尿裤子 两者都是悄无声息地给你温暖的赶脚……【好恶毒啊】
为什么中提琴的独奏像炸弹 等听到再想采取措施就为时已晚
为什么中提琴的独奏像早泄 因为等你知道要射,干啥都来不及了。。。【中提琴是有多不招人待见】
为什么中提琴手要把琴盒放在他们汽车的仪表板上 那样他们就能把车停在残疾人专用停车位上 要是有人把他们误认为是黑手党,他们至少还能留点面子
中提琴手为啥不玩躲猫猫 因为没人会想到去找他们
为什么中提琴手演奏的时候在笑 因为无知是一种幸福,并且这种无知不会伤害他们
为什么中提琴手不应该去登山 如果他们失踪了,恐怕很多年都不会有人发觉这一点
路边的死鬼和路中间被压碎的中提琴有什么区别 【这个不懂,求解】
怎样让小提琴听着像中提琴 坐在后面不演奏 低音区演奏(是说用G弦D弦吧),还一堆错音
把中提琴和女高音一块从悬崖上扔下去,哪个先落地?(两个答案) 答案1:中提琴。女高音半截会停下来问方向 答案2:管它的
一个指挥和一个中提琴站在路中间,你会先轧过哪个,为什么: 指挥,正事要紧,享乐再说
为什么中提琴喜欢恐怖主义分子 他们都跟弓法过不去(bowings谐音Boeings波音公司)
William Walton最受欢迎的中提琴协奏曲录音? 缺少中提琴solo的录音版本(Music Minus One, 详解见wiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Minus_One
中提琴和诉讼案的相似之处 琴盒盖上和案子结束的时候,大家都会很开心 【case closed双关了】
中提琴的范围 【指声音传播的范围么?】 你脚能踢到的距离内
飞毛腿导弹与中提琴手的相似之处 都具攻击性和不准确性
为什么中提琴那么大只 只是视觉上的错觉。并非中提琴大只,而是中提琴手的脑袋太小了
链锯与中提琴的区别 如果非要的话,你在四重奏里也可以用用链锯的
音堆和弦(cluster chord)的定义 中提琴声部在C弦上演奏
为什么中提琴手看到《爱经》就坐立不安? 看那些位置啊……【体位把位,傻傻分不清】
如果迷失在沙漠里,你打算怎么办?去找优秀的中提琴手,糟糕的中提琴手还是绿洲:糟糕的中提琴手。另外两个都是你臆想出來的
为什么你不应该开MINI Cooper载三个中提琴驶离悬崖 至少能和一个相处融洽 【问题原文用shouldn‘t, 没有错么?】
拧灯泡需要多少个中提琴手 一个也不用,都不够小
为什么看到有人提着中提琴盒进银行,大家就吓得要死 他们以为这人提的是机枪,并且可能真的会用它
中提琴声部里第一个位子和最后一个有何区别 差一拍 差半音
为什么你在数字录音碟中听不到中提琴 录音技术发展到如此先进地步,所有无关杂音都被自动剔除了
见识过中提琴手自夸能拉32分音符么 乐队里其余的人都不相信,所以他拉了一个以示证明……【一个...= =】
为什么中提琴在德语里叫 bratsche 因为你一屁股坐上去它就会发出那样的声音
为什么中提琴手后背插把刀就不能演奏了 因为他不能靠在椅背上了
中提琴最嫉妒什么乐器 竖琴。只要空弦拨拉拨拉就可以了
中提琴试奏的别名 刮刮乐…… 【槽点不太清楚】
如何让一打中提琴手齐奏 毙掉11个 毙掉所有的 谁他妈想要一打中提琴
纽约市最近一次犯罪陡升是 中提琴演奏会上的
中提琴手的脑细胞怎么死的 孤独而死
怎么称呼只有俩脑细胞的中提琴手 怀孕(有前途的)
为什么中提琴的脑子只有豆粒大 酗酒的过
做一炉巧克力豆曲奇需要多少个中提琴手 10个。一个和面糊,另外9个剥M&M豆
披头士和皇家爱乐乐团的中提琴声部有何共通点 二者自1970年之后就没在一起演过
最长的中提琴笑话 哈罗德在意大利
几个中提琴手在热水浴缸里该叫什么 蔬菜汤
听说过不跑调的中提琴手么 我也没听说过
国际中提琴大赛的主要要求是什么 按记忆持琴……【这个不明白】
为什么中提琴和手风琴结婚了 【Upward mobility 这个不清楚是什么】
如何将小提琴作品改成中提琴的 用一个小节劈成2个(拍子慢一倍)
为什么埋中提琴手只有地下三英寸深 再往下都是好人了
如何保证一个中提琴手不溺水 把你的脚从他脑袋上拿开
注:下面这个笑话德语讲很有趣,但翻成英语就不太好玩了 Was sind die drei Lagen auf der Bratsche? Erste Lage, Notlage, und Niederlage. 中提琴的三个把位? 第一把位,紧急把位,挫败把位 ---------
How is lightning like a violist's fingers? Neither one strikes in the same place twice.
How do you keep your violin from getting stolen? Put it in a viola case
. What's the difference between a violin and a viola? The viola burns longer. The viola holds more beer. You can tune the violin.
We all know that a viola is better than a violin because it burns longer. But why does it burn longer? It's usually still in the case.
How do you get a viola section to play spiccato? Write a whole note with "solo" above it.
How do you get a violist to play a passage pianissimo tremolando? Mark it "solo."
What's the difference between a viola and a coffin? The coffin has the dead person on the inside.
What do you do with a dead violist? Move him back a desk.
What's the difference between a viola and a trampoline? You take your shoes off to jump on a trampoline.
What's the difference between a viola and an onion? No one cries when you cut up a viola.
What's the definition of a minor second? Two violists playing in unison.
What's the definiton of "perfect pitch?" Throwing a viola into a dumpster without hitting the rim.
Why do violists stand for long periods outside people's houses? They can't find the key and they don't know when to come in.
What's the difference between a seamstress and a violist?The seamstress tucks up the frills.
What's the difference between a washing machine and a violist?Vibrato.
Why do so many people take an instant dislike to the viola? It saves time.
How can you tell when a violist is playing out of tune? The bow is moving.
How was the canon invented? Two violists were trying to play the same passage together.
Why is playing the viola like peeing in your pants? They both give you a nice warm feeling without making any sound.
Why is a viola solo like a bomb? By the time you hear it, it's too late to do anything about it.
Why is a viola solo like premature ejaculation? Because even when you know it's coming, there's nothing you can do about it.
Why do violists leave their instrument cases on the dashboards of their cars? So they can park in "handicapped" parking places. If someone mistakes them for mafia, they might get some respect.
Why don't violists play hide and seek? Because no one will look for them.
Why do violists smile when they play? Because ignorance is bliss and what they don't know can't hurt them.
Why shouldn't violists take up mountaineering? Because if they get lost, it takes ages before anyone notices that they're missing.
What's the difference between a dead skunk in the road and a crushed viola in the road? Skid marks before the skunk.
How do you get a violin to sound like a viola? Sit in the back and don't play. Play in the low register with a lot of wrong notes. If you throw a violist and a soprano off a cliff, which one would hit the ground first? (two answers) The violist. The soprano would have to stop halfway down to ask directions. Who cares?
A conductor and a violist are standing in the middle of the road. which one do you run over first, and why? The conductor. Business before pleasure.
What's the most popular recording of the William Walton viola concerto? Music Minus One
What do a viola and a lawsuit have in common? Everyone is happy when the case is closed.
What is the range of a Viola? As far as you can kick it.
What do a SCUD missile and a viola player have in common? They're both offensive and inaccurate.
Why are violas so large? It's an optical illusion. It's not that the violas are large; just that the viola players' heads are so small.
What's the difference between a chain saw and a viola? If you absolutely had to, you could use a chain saw in a string quartet. What is the definition of a cluster chord? A viola section playing on the C string.
Why do violists get antsy when they see the Kama Sutra? All those positions! If you're lost in the desert, what do you aim for? A good viola player, a bad viola player or an oasis? The bad viola player. The other two are only figments of your imagination.
Why shouldn't you drive off a cliff in a mini with three violas in it? You could fit in at least one more. How many violists does it take to screw in a light bulb? None. They're not small enough to fit.
Why do people tremble with fear when someone comes into a bank carrying a violin case? They think he's carrying a machine gun and might be about to use it.
Why do people tremble with fear when someone comes into a bank carrying a viola case? They think he's carrying a viola and might be about to use it.
What's the difference between the first and last desk of a viola section? half a measure a semi-tone Why can't you hear a viola on a digital recording? Recording technology has reached such an advanced level of development that all extraneous noise is eliminated.
Did you hear about the violist who bragged that he could play 32nd notes? The rest of the orchestra didn't believe him, so he proved it by playing one.
Why is viola called "bratsche" in Germany? Because that's the sound it makes when you sit down on it.
Why can't a violist play with a knife in his back? Because he can't lean back in his chair. What instrument do violists envy most? The harp. You only ever have to play pizzicato on open strings.
What's another name for viola auditions? Scratch lottery. What is the difference between a violist and a prostitute? A prostitute knows more than two positions. Prostitutes have a better sense of rhythm.
What is the similarity between a violist and a prostitute? Both are paid to fake climaxes.
How do you get a dozen violists to play in tune? Shoot 11 of them. Shoot all of them.Who the hell wants a dozen violists?
What's the latest crime wave in New York City?Drive-by viola recitals.
How does aviolist's brain cell die? Alone. How do you call a violist with two brain cells? Pregnant.
Why do violists have pea-sized brains? Because alcohol has swelled them.
How many violists does it take to make a batch of chocolate chip cookies? Ten. One to stir the batter and nine to peel the M & M's.
What's the similarity between the Beatles and the viola section of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra? Neither has played together since 1970.
What is the longest viola joke? Harold in Italy
What do you call a bunch of violists in a hot tub? Vegetable soup.
Did you hear about the violist who played in tune? Neither did I. What is the main reqirement at the "International Viola Competition?" Hold the viola from memory.
Why did the violist marry the accordion player? Upward mobility.
How do you transcribe a violin piece for viola? Divide the metronome marking by 2.
Why do you always bury a viola player three feet under? Because deep down they are all very nice people.
How do you keep a violist from drowning? Take your foot off his head. Note: the following joke is very funny in German, but doesn't translate well into English.
Was sind die drei Lagen auf der Bratsche? Erste Lage, Notlage, und Niederlage. (What are the three positions of the viola? First position, emergency, and defeat.) Viola Jokes (part 1) http://bit.ly/oeLLhd

Sunday, September 4, 2011

C++ list::iterator cant be used


g++ compiler may give this error: expected `;' before 'it'
template <typename T>
class MyClass
{   public:
  void func() 
  { 
    std::list<T>::iterator it;
  }
};
The solution is simple, you need add "typename" in front of your declaration of iterator.

typename std::list::iterator it;
This is needed when you have a new type declared which is dependant on one or more of the template parameters.

You may also find an answer from here:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2539709/c-listtiterator-cant-be-used-in-derived-class-template